Virus de la bronquitis infecciosa: un desafío para la avicultura

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Ana María Acevedo-Beiras

Resumen

El virus de bronquitis infecciosa es un coronavirus que causa una enfermedad altamente contagiosa del tracto respiratorio superior y afecta a pollos y gallinas de todas las edades. La enfermedad se caracteriza por síntomas respiratorios, aunque también puede infectar el tracto reproductivo causando una disminución en la producción de huevos, mala calidad de la cáscara y anormalidades en la calidad interna del huevo. El virus representa una preocupación desde el punto de vista económico, ya que es una de las principales causas de pérdidas en la producción comercial de aves de corral y predispone a las mismas a infecciones secundarias que pueden resultar en más pérdidas económicas e incluso la muerte. La habilidad que tiene el virus para experimentar en corto plazo mutaciones y eventos de recombinación conduce a la aparición de nuevos genotipos/serotipos y hace que el diagnóstico y el control sean todo un desafío. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo proporcionar información actualizada de diferentes aspectos relacionados con el virus, como son sus características generales, taxonomía y clasificación, organización del genoma viral, proteínas virales, recombinación del ARN, diversidad antigénica, distribución mundial, patogénesis, así como consecuencias de la enfermedad, su historia, manifestaciones clínicas y lesiones, epidemiología, diagnóstico yprevención/control.

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Acevedo-Beiras AM. Virus de la bronquitis infecciosa: un desafío para la avicultura. Rev. Salud Anim. [Internet]. 7 de junio de 2018 [citado 14 de noviembre de 2024];39(3). Disponible en: https://revistas.censa.edu.cu/index.php/RSA/article/view/919
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