Factores de riesgo de mastitis asociada a Mollicutes en rebaños lecheros de la provincia Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador

Contenido principal del artículo

Natacha Ramírez-Sanmartín
Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodríguez
Luis Rodrigo-Saa
Evelyn Lobo-Rivero
Anisleidy Pérez-Castillo
María Irian Percedo-Abreu

Resumen

La mastitis bovina es un desafío sanitario y económico para la producción animal, no solo porque afecta la salud y bienestar de los animales, sino también por la amenaza que representa para la salud pública, sin descontar las pérdidas millonarias que ocasionan los costos de tratamiento y el descarte de leche, un alimento por demás imprescindible para una población en plena expansión a nivel global. En Zamora-Chinchipe se demostró previamente Mollicutes en leche de tanque y vacas individuales. Para analizar los factores de riesgo asociados a esta problemática se aplicaron cuestionarios semi-estructurados a los rebaños previamente investigados. Las variables con p-valor<0,2 en el análisis univariado se seleccionaron e incluyeron en el modelo multivariado respectivo, que finalmente se ajustó manualmente mediante el procedimiento de eliminación hacia atrás (backward) para retirar las variables no significativas (p<0,05). Son factores de riesgo de Mollicutes en los rebaños un número mayor de categorías zootécnicas en la finca (RP=1,691; IC95%: 1,293 - 2,210), la presencia de ganado Holstein (RP=15,89; 1,44 - 175,45), fuentes de abasto de agua diferentes al acueducto (río, pozo, presa) (RP=4,37; 1,306 - 14,620) y las fincas que compran animales dentro de la misma provincia (RP=4,28; 1,416 - 12,939). En tanto, el lavado de las manos del ordeñador entre vacas o entre grupos mostró una prevalencia 57% y 67,6% menor, respectivamente, que en hatos donde esta medida no se cumple. Además, el secado de los cuartos con papel previo al ordeño (prevalencia 69,6% menor) es también un factor de protección de Mollicutes en vacas individuales.

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Ramírez-Sanmartín N, Fonseca-Rodríguez O, Rodrigo-Saa L, Lobo-Rivero E, Pérez-Castillo A, Percedo-Abreu MI. Factores de riesgo de mastitis asociada a Mollicutes en rebaños lecheros de la provincia Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador. Rev. Salud Anim. [Internet]. 12 de julio de 2023 [citado 14 de noviembre de 2024];45:https://cu-id.com/2248/v45e07. Disponible en: https://revistas.censa.edu.cu/index.php/RSA/article/view/1211
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