Scientific evidence to improve avian influenza surveillance in Cuba based on the One Health approach

Abstract

The risks of pathogen spillover with sustained transmission are increasing, as evidenced in the current panzootic by the H5N1 subtype, clade 2.3.4.4b of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. In Cuba, there was insufficient knowledge on the interfaces between different species to establish mitigation measures based on scientific evidence, as part of an integrated surveillance system from the One Health perspective. To address this gap, models were developed to predict disease occurrence, as well virus transmission from wild birds to domestic birds or pigs and from them, to caretakers and general population. These models were implemented country-wide, at the resolution of the Consejo Popular, the smallest administrative level. Suitable ecozones for virus infections in poultry were identified, as well areas with increased risk of species spillover. An intersectoral and transdisciplinary participatory constellation analysis was also applied, identifying demands and innovative ideas in epidemiological surveillance. These studies provided relevant knowledge for the early warning of risks and the development and implementation of an integrated surveillance system for avian influenza virus from a One Health perspective, the reduction of associated risks and capacity building for resilience.