Effect of biochar on bioproductive and health indicators of growing pigs
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The experiment was carried out at the National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), located at Carretera de Jamaica y Autopista Nacional, 23 km ½, San José de las Lajas municipality, Mayabeque province. This study was aimed at examining the effect of two biochar levels as an additive in concentrate feed on bioproductive and health parameters and blood and biochemical profiles in pigs with an average age of 33 days.. Thirty animals, at 33 days of age with an initial weight of 7 kg, were divided into three homogeneous groups with 10 piglets respectively. The treatments used were the following: control group (without the addition of biochar), group two (diet with the addition of 1 % biochar) and group three (diet with the addition of 5 % biochar). Each group received one of the three diets for 55 days during the experiment. Blood samples were taken in three periods during the experiment (days zero, 31 and 55) to analyze blood and biochemical profiles. Sampling was carried out on day zero (initial moment of the experiment using animals with an average age of 33 days), day 31 of treatment (second sampling) and day 55 of treatment (third sampling). The results revealed that the dietary supply of biochar at levels of 1 % and 5 % significantly decreased the occurrence of severe diarrheas. The supply of biochar at 5 % levelhad a favorable effect in the prevention and reduction of diarrheas, while when using it at 1 and 5 % levels, it did not significantly influence the bioproductive, hematological and biochemical parameters.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA)References
Bessone F, Bessone G, Marini S, Conde M, Alustizai F, et al. Presence and characteriszation of Escherichia Coli virulence genes isolated from diseased pigs in the central region of Argentia. Veterinary World [en línea]. 2017; 10 (8). Disponible en: <https://doi.org/10.14202/ vetworl.2017.939-945> [Consulta: 29 March 2023].
Ciro JA, López A, Parra J. The Probiotic Enterococcus Faecium Modifies the Intestinal Morphometric Parameters in Weaning Piglets. Rev Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín [en línea]. 2016; 69 (1):7803-7811. Disponible en: <https://doi.org/10.15446/rfna.v69n1.54748> [Consulta: 20 August 2023].
Uddin MK, Hasan S, Mahmud MR, Peltoniemi O, Oliviero C. n-Feed Supplementation of Resin Acid-Enriched Composition Modulates Gut Microbiota, Improves Growth Performance, and Reduces Post-Weaning Diarrhea and Gut Inflammation in Piglets. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI [en línea]. 2021; 11 (9):2511. Disponible en: <https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092511> [Consulta: 02 November 2023].
Vila J, Sáezlópez E, Johnson JR, Romling U, Cantón R, et al. Escherichia Coli: an old friend with new tidings. 2016. FEMS Microbiology Reviews [en línea]. 216; 40 (1). Disponible en: <https://doi.org/10.1019/femsre/ fuw005> [Consulta: 29 March 2023].
Luppi A. Swine Enteric Colibacillosis: Diagnosis, Therapy And Antimicrobial Resistance. 2017 . Disponible en: <http://porcinehealthmanagement.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40813-017-0063-4.pdf> [Consulta: 29 March 2023].
Hunter, PA, Dawson S, French GL, Goossens H, Hawkey PM, et al. Antimicrobialresistant pathogens in animals and man: prescribing, practices and policies. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [en línea]. 2010; 65 (1):3-17. Disponible en: <https://doi.org/ 10.1093/jac/dkp433> [Consulta: 29 September 2023].
Canibe N, Hjberg O, Kongsted H, Vodolazska D, Lauridsen C, et al. Review on Preventive Measures to Reduce Post-Weaning Diarrhoea in Piglets. 2022. Animals [en línea]. 12. Disponible en: <https://doi.org/10.3390/ ani12192585> [Consulta: 29 March 2023].
Albo GN. Probioticos y Aceites Esenciales en la Dieta de Lechones Destetados.2020. Disponible en: <http://www.sedici.unlp.edu.ar> [Consulta: 29 March 2023].
Salami, AS, Luciano G, Biondi L, Priolo A. Sustainability of feeding plant by-products:A review of the implications for ruminant meat production. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2019; 251 (1):37-55. Disponible en: <https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.02.006> [Consulta: 15 September 2023].
Zoon, M. Una Fuente de Carbon Vegetal para Favorecer la Salud Intestinal. 2019. Disponible en: <http://www.nutrnews.com/una-fuente-de-carbon-vegetal-adecuada-favorece-la-salud-intestinal/> [Consulta: 29 March 2023].
Hansen HH, Storm I, Sell, A. Effect of Biochar on in Vitro Rumen Methane Production. Acta Agricultur Scandinavica, Section A- Animal Science. 2013; 62 (4):305-309. Disponible en: <https://doi.org/ 10.1080/09064702.2013.789548> [Consulta: 02 November 2023].
Carbon Standards International. European Biochar Certificate (EBC)- Guidelines for a Sustainable Production of Biochar 2012. 2022. Frick, Switzerland. Version 10.3E 5th April, 2022. Disponible en: <http://europeanbiochar.org> [Consulta: 27 April 2023].
Lao EJ, Mbega ER. Biochar As a Feed Additive For Improving The Performance Of Farm Animals. Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture.2020;4(2):86-93. Disponible en: <https://doi.org/10.26480/mjsa.02.2020.86.93> [Consulta: 29 September 2023].
Man KY, Chow KL, Man YB, Mo WY, Wong, M H. Use of biochar as feed supplements for animal farming. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology.2021;51(2):187-217.Disponible en: <https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.172 1980> [Consulta: 15 September 2023].
Schmidt H, Hagemann N, Draper K, Kammann C. The use of biochar in animal feeding. 2019. Disponible en: <http://ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC6679646/#__ffn_sectitle> [Consulta: 28 March 2019].
Comité de Ética del Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, Cuba (CENSA).
FAO. Métodos simples para fabricar carbón vegetal. 1982. Disponible en https:// www.fao.org/4/x5328s/X5328S00.htm#Content s. Consultado junio de 2024.
Lv G, An L, Sun X, Hu Y, Sun D. Pretreatment Albumin to Globulin Ratio Can Serve as a Prognostic Marker in Human Cancers: a Meta-analysis. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2018; 476:81-91. Disponible en: [Consulta: 02 November 2023].
Castillo Y, Miranda I. CompaPro: Sistema para la compración múltiple de proporciones. Rev. Protección Veg.2014; 29(3): 231-234.
Thacker PA. Alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters for use in swine production: a review. 2013. J Anim Sci Biotech. 4:35. doi:https:// doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-4-35.
Fouhse J, Zijlstra R, Willing B. The Role Of Gut Microbiota in The Health And Disease Of Pigs. 2016;6(3). Disponible en: <http://doi.org/ 10.2527/af.2016-0031> [Consulta: 23 March 2023].
Gresse, R, Chaucheyras-durand F, Alain M, Van T, Forano E, et al. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Postweaning Piglets: Understanding the Keys to Health. Trends in Microbiology. 2017;25 (10): 851-873. Disponible en: [Consulta: 08 August 2023].
Valdés GR, Díaz L. Enfermedades más comunes del sistema digestivo del cerdo. 2012. (Disponible en: http://www.dominamos.com/ contenidos/EkVlAAVkuZHYaTdArE.php
Fairbrother J M, Gyles C L. E. coli infec¬tions. In Diseases of Swine. 2006. Straw BE, Zimmerman JJ, D’Allaire S, Taylor DJ, eds. Iowa State University Press. Ames, Iowa, USA. 9th edition. Chapter 38, pp. 639-674.
Fairbrother J M, Nadeau E. Colibacillosis. In Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Livestock. Lefèvre PC, Blancou J, Chermette R, Uilenberg G, eds. Lavoi¬sier. 2010 ; (2), Chapter 74: 917-945.
Heo JM, Opapeju FO, Pluske JR, Kim JC, Hampson DJ, et al. Gastrointestinal health and function in weaned pigs: a review of feeding strategies to control postweaning diarrhoea without using in-feed antimicrobial compounds. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2013; 97 (2): 207-237. Disponible en: doi: <https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01284.x> [Consulta: 06 September 2023].
Alfonso O. Fisiopatología veterinaria.2006. Editorial Félix Valera.
Mekbungwan A, Yamauchi K, Sakaida T. Intestinal villus histological alterations in piglets fed dietary charcoal powder including wood vinegar compound liquid. Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 2004;33(1):11–16 DOI https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00501.x.
Chu GM, Kim JH, Kim HY, Ha JH, Jung MS, et al. Effects of bamboo charcoal on the growth performance, blood characteristics and noxious gas emission in fattening pigs. Journal of Applied Animal Research.2013b;41(1):48–55 DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2012.738219.
Kim KS, Kim Y, Park J, Yun W, Jang K. Effect of organic medicinal charcoal supplementation in finishing pig diets. Korean Journal of Agricultural
Science.2017;44(1):50-59.Disponible en: [Consulta: 25 April 2023]. ISSN 2466-2410.
Iglesias I. Análisis de sangre: hemograma. 2015. Disponible en: http://www.amordemascota.com/ [Consulta: 27 febrero 2016].
Nuñez L, Bouda Jan. Patología clínica Veterinaria.2017. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Jackson, P y Cockcroft, P. Clinical examination of farm animal. 2002.
Anom. Eclinpath. Atlas.2023. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. https:// eclinpath.com/atlas/
Bush, B. M. Interpretación de los análisis de laboratorio para clínicos de pequeños Animales.1999. Edicion Española.
Chu GM, Jung CK, Kim HY, Ha JH, Kim JH, et al. Effects of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar as antibiotic alternatives on growth performance, immune responses and fecal microflora population in fattening pigs. 2013a.