Enfermedad viral del boniato y reversión viral, dos fenómenos remarcables de la interacción Ipomoea batatas-virus

Contenido principal del artículo

José Efraín González Ramírez
Vaniert Ventura Chávez
Alfredo Morales Rodriguez
Katia Ojito-Ramos
Orelvis Portal

Resumen

El boniato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), es una planta herbácea perenne perteneciente a la familia Convolvulaceae. Es el séptimo cultivo alimentario más importante del mundo, después del trigo (Triticum L.), el arroz (Oriza sativa L.), el maíz (Zea mayz L.), la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.), la cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) y la yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Cada año se producen a nivel mundial más de 133 x 106 t de esta raíz tuberosa, y de esa cantidad más del 95 % en países en desarrollo. El boniato, al ser un cultivo de propagación vegetativa, puede conducir a la acumulación de agentes patógenos sistémicos, especialmente virus. Se han identificado más de 30 virus que infectan el cultivo, asignados a 9 familias: Bromoviridae (1), Bunyaviridae (1), Caulimoviridae (3), Closteroviridae (1), Comoviridae (1), Flexiviridae (1), Geminiviridae (15), Luteoviridae (1) y Potyviridae (9). La entrada de un virus al tejido vegetal no siempre termina en el desarrollo de una enfermedad. El desarrollo de la misma en las plantas es el resultado de la interacción de, al menos, cuatro (tetraedro de la enfermedad) factores i.e. el agente patógeno, los mecanismos de transmisión, que incluye la acción de los vectores, y un cuarto factor que involucra los efectos del medio ambiente. Este último incluye interacciones con elementos de naturaleza biótica y abiótica. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de la enfermedad dependerá de la posible interacción con otros virus y el ambiente. De hecho, la enfermedad no es el resultado más común de la interacción planta-virus. En esta revisión se pretende mostrar cómo la interacción entre virus, y entre estos con el medio ambiente puede conllevar a dos resultados totalmente disímiles. Lo anterior redunda en dos fenómenos, particularmente interesantes, que caracterizan la relación boniato-virus i.e. la enfermedad viral del boniato y la reversión viral. El conocimiento de estas relaciones resulta una piedra angular en el desarrollo de los programas de mejoramiento genético y producción de semilla en el cultivo de boniato.

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Cómo citar
González Ramírez, J. E. ., Ventura Chávez, V. ., Morales Rodriguez, A. ., Ojito-Ramos, K. ., & Portal, O. . (2023). Enfermedad viral del boniato y reversión viral, dos fenómenos remarcables de la interacción Ipomoea batatas-virus. Revista De Protección Vegetal, 38, https://cu-id.com/2247/v38e04. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.censa.edu.cu/index.php/RPV/article/view/1295
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