Sweet potato viral disease and viral reversion, two remarkable outputs of Ipomoea batatas-virus interaction
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Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), a perennial herbaceous plant within the family Convolvulaceae, is the world’s seventh most important food crop, after wheat (Triticum L.), rice (Oriza sativa L.), maize (Zea mayz L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). More than 133 x 106 t of sweet potatoes are produced globally per year, more than 95% in developing countries. Sweet potato, being a vegetatively propagated crop, can lead to the accumulation of systemic pathogens, especially viruses. More than 30 viruses, assigned to 9 families, have been identified to infect the crop, Bromoviridae (1 virus), Bunyaviridae (1), Caulimoviridae (3), Closteroviridae (1), Comoviridae (1), Flexiviridae (1), Geminiviridae (15), Luteoviridae (1), and Potyviridae (9). Entrance of a virus to plant tissue does not always means the development of a disease. Its development in plants is the result of the interaction of at least four factors (disease tetrahedron) : the pathogenic agent, the host, the transmission mechanisms that include the action of vectors, and a fourth factor involving the environment effect. The latter includes interaction with biotic and abiotic elements. Therefore, in the development of the disease, these factors will determine the possible interaction with other viruses and the environment. In fact, a disease is not the most common result of plant-virus interaction. In this review, we intend to show how the interaction between viruses and between them and the environment determine two particularly interesting phenomena that characterize the sweet potato-virus relationship (i.e., Sweet Potato Virus Disease (SPVD) and Viral Reversion). Knowledge of these relationships is a cornerstone in the development of genetic improvement programs and seed production in sweet potato cultivation.
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