Germination, phytotoxicity, and nematicidal effect of wine vinasse, a by-product of the wine industry
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of wine vinasse (WV), the final byproduct obtained from distillation of the fermentation wine, on plants and nematodes through germination, phytotoxicity and nematode survival tests. Before conducting the bioassays, fertility parameters of two WV samples from different years were analyzed and compared. Six WV solutions were applied to obtain the most effective ones with nematicidal properties without compromising plant growth. For this purpose, two very different plant-parasitic nematodes, Meloidoyne incognita and Xiphinema index, both widespread in vineyards were analyzed. The effects of these WV doses were tested on seed and plant growth in germination and phytotoxicity bioassays. The doses 1, 3 and 5 % were applied to soils naturally infested by root-knot nematodes for biodisinfestation in the laboratory. As a result, the number of Meloidogyne juveniles was significantly reduced, while other non-parasitic nematodes and enchytraeids were less affected. Marmande tomato plants grown in biodisinfested soil showed a reduction in galling index (0 at 3 & 5 % solutions). Our results show that WV contributes to reducing plant-parasitic nematode populations without phytotoxic side effects. The fertilizing effect of WV on Marmande tomato and white mustard plants indicates that it can be introduced into horticultural cropping systems. The valorization of WV as an organic resource for biodisinfestation of agricultural soils may help to solve accumulation problems and contribute to a circular economy by reducing waste. The characterization of both WV and agrarian soil will help to define the suitability of such actions prior to applying this organic amendment.
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