Functional responses of Novius punicus (Gordon) and Novius cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae)
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Abstract
The functional responses of Novius punicus (Gordon) and N. cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were investigated using eggs and first-instar nymphs of Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae), respectively, as prey. Ten-day-old laboratory-reared adult individuals of each coccinellid species were placed individually in Petri dishes, and each one was offered a different prey density for a 24-hour period. For N. cardinalis, prey densities of 10, 20, 50, 100, and 150 first-instar nymphs of C. multicicatrices were evaluated. With N. punicus, densities of 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 eggs of the fluted scale were evaluated. Using the proportion of prey consumed, a logistic regression was performed, which allowed the identification of the type of functional response described by the data. The random predator equation was then used to describe the functional response, using the R software v. 3.4.1. For the two species of coccinellids, a type II functional response was found, which describes a decrease in the proportion of prey consumed as the density of the prey increases. The estimated parameters of the random predator equation, attack rate (α) and handling time (in hours) (Th) were as follows: N. punicus: α = 0.12, Th = 0.64; N. cardinalis: α = 0.05; Th = 0.34. These results represent an advance in the evaluation of the potential of these predators to be used in a pest management program for C. multicicatrices.
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