Citrus black spot: current overview and challenges
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Abstract
Citrus black spot (CBS), with Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) van der Aa as the causal agent, is a disease that affects Citrus spp. It produces considerable economic losses due to the staining and premature fall of the fruits, and the limitations for their export to countries where the pathogen is considered a quarantine pest. Recent studies provided novel results on this subject. Among them, the description of new species of the genus Phyllosticta associated with citrus stands out, and it hinders the diagnosis of P. citricarpa. In addition, an atypical life cycle was detected for this fungus in some citrus regions, while the development of fungal-resistance in populations of this pathogen and effective fungicides and biological control agents for its management have been reported. Taking these aspects into consideration, this work offers a current overview of CBS in the world and in Cuba, attending to the damage it causes, its economic impact, the characteristics of the causal agent that influence epidemiology and its management, as well as its main challenges and future prospects.
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