Nematicidal effect of essential oils from Lamiaceae family against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eight essential oils from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. The essential oils were obtained from Mentha arvensis L., Mentha piperita L., Mentha spicata L., Ocimum basilicum var genovese L., Ocimum gratisimum L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Thymus vulgaris L. by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger equipment. The biological activity in three populations of the nematode was evaluated by a 96-microwell plate immersion bioassay. The chemical composition of the oils was determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (CG/EM). The yields of the essential oils obtained were between 0.65 and 0.10% (v/m). All oils showed toxicity on M. incognita juveniles although the number of them with nematicidal effect varied for each population. The treated nematodes showed damaged in internal structures: a disorganized digestive system, large vacuole-like spaces along the body, a deformed intestine, and the presence of granules. The oils from O. tenuiflorum and M. arvensis were notable for causing high mortality rates in the three M. incognita populations evaluated. In the population from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the LC50 of the M. arvensis oil was 0.141% (0.126-0.163) and it was estimated as 0.118% for O. tenuiflorum after 24 hours. The analysis by GC/MS of the chemical composition of the essential oils studied revealed the presence of monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and phenylpropanoids. The major components in the two oils with the highest activity were linalool (65.59%), α-terpineol (10.42%), eugenol (41.10%), β-caryophyllene (25.04%), and β-elemene (22.42%). The nematotoxic effect shown by these oils, especially those of O. tenuiflorum and M. arvensis, provides the basis for the development of new nematicides and alternative methods for nematode management in different crops of importance in Cuban agriculture.
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