Actividad insecticida in vitro de extracto crudo de Beauveria bassiana (Bálsamo) Vuillemin sobre larvas de Phyllophaga spp. (Harris)

Abstract

Este ensayo tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto insecticida de los extractos crudos de Beauveria bassiana (Bálsamo) Vuillemin sobre larvas de gallina ciega (Phyllophaga spp.) (Harris). Los extractos se obtuvieron a partir de un medio de fermentación sólida del hongo entomopatógeno y las larvas del insecto (Phyllophaga spp) se recolectaron en zonas del municipio de Zacatepec, Morelos, México. Se diseñó un experimento con dos criterios: A. con sustrato: T1 Agua destilada (control), T2.- Extracto crudo de B. bassiana. B. sin sustrato: T3.- Agua destilada y T4.- Extracto crudo de B. bassiana; se utilizaron 8 larvas por tratamiento. A cada larva se le inyectó 10 μl y se observaron cada 48 horas por 10 días. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis no paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis). Con respecto al T1 no hubo mortalidad (0%) durante todo el experimento. T2 la mortalidad se presentó a las 72 horas (12.5%); T3, se registró el 12.5% de mortalidad a las 48Hrs.; para el T4 la mortalidad fue de 37.5% en el mismo periodo de tiempo. Al octavo día, los tratamientos 2, 3 y 4 se registró 62.5% de mortalidad. Los resultados obtenidos permiten demostrar la potencialidad insecticida del extracto crudo de B. bassiana.

Palabras clave: Beauveria bassiana, Phyllophaga spp., caña de azúcar.

INSECTICIDE IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACT OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALSAMO) VUILLEMIN ON LARVAE OF PHYLLOPHAGA SPP. (HARRIS)

ABSTRACT: The objective of this test was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of the crude extracts of Beauveria bassiana (Balsam) Vuillemin on larvae of white grubs (Phyllophaga spp.) (Harris). The extracts were obtained from a solid fermentation medium of the enthomopathogenic fungus, and the insect larvae (Phyllophaga spp.) were collected in areas of the municipality of Zacatepec, Morelos, Mexico. An experiment was designed with two criteria: A. with substrate: T1 distilled water (control), T2- crude extract of B. bassiana and B. without substrate: T3- distilled water and T4- crude extract of B. bassiana; eight larvae per treatment were used. Each larva was injected with 10 μl of the treatment and observed every 48 hours for 10 days. The data were submitted to a non-parametric analysis (Kruskal-Wallis). With respect to T1, there was no mortality (0 %) during the entire experiment. In T2, mortality was observed at the 72 hours (12.5 %); in T3, 12.5% mortality was recorded at 48hrs; for T4, mortality was 37.5 % in the same period of time. On the eighth day, treatments 2, 3 and 4, 62.5 % mortality was recorded. The results obtained allowed to show the insecticide potential of the crude extract of B. bassiana.

Key words: Beauveria bassiana, Phyllophaga spp., sugar cane.